Individual+words

=Individual words and phrases=

A | B | D | E | F | G | H | I/J/Y | L | N | O | S | T | U/V | W | Z


 * ABERMAL** - Treated as a single ADV (and joined if written separately).


 * ALLERDING(S)** - Tagged Q+N.


 * ALLWEGE** - Means "always." Tagged as a unitary ADV.


 * ALS** - Treated as a preposition. May introduce a subordinate clause, with a (usually) covert C element. Usually introduces a CP-CMP.
 * ALS...SO** - Parsed as a correlative comparative, following the English guidelines for AS...SO. See also WIE...SO. Make sure to distinguish the SO in this construction from resumptive SO.


 * ALSBALD, ALSDENN** - Treated as a unitary ADV. Joined if written separately.


 * ALSO DAS(S)** - ALSO is a subordinating preposition in this case, and DAS(S) is in C. Generally introduces a CP-ADV.


 * AUCH** - When used as a conjunction, AUCH is tagged CONJ. Otherwise, it is tagged ALSO.


 * AUFF** - May (infrequently) project a right headed PP, as in "er tratt Jhesus auff."


 * AUFF DAS(S)** - A purpose clause: AUFF is the head of a clause-level PP, DAS(S) is an overt complementizer: (PP (P auff) (CP-ADV (C das) (IP-SUB ... )))
 * BEI/BEY** - Normally tagged P. However, in some rare cases may have a meaning like English NEARLY (similar to BEINAHE). In this case, it is tagged ADV.

 In PPs like DAZU, DARAUF, etc., DA is **not** treated as having moved out of PP; these structures are effectively annotated as right-headed PPs (see also **HER and HIN**, **ENTGEGEN**). Additionally, DA may function as a resumptive element for left-dislocated adverbials. In its resumptive use, DA may be interpretable as IN THIS CASE; the resumptive pair may also be interpretable as IF...THEN. Compare resumptive DA with resumptive SO.
 * BITTEN** - - In some tokens, this verb takes two accusative objects.
 * DA** - Because of its frequently ambiguous semantic function, DA never receives a -TMP or -LOC dash tag. For uniformity, this extends to cases in which the semantic function is unambiguous due to context


 * DARVMB DASS...** - The DASS in this construction heads a CP-THT-PRN. Following the conventions for splitting and joining words, DAR and VMB are split into ADV and P, and the CP-THT-PRN is embedded within the ADVP headed by DAR.


 * DAS IST (UNS) NOT** - For the time being, treat NOT as NP-NOM-PRD, and the other argument as NP-DAT.
 * DASELBS/DA SELBS(T)** - Split if written as a single word. SELBS(T) is tagged FP (as usual), and together with DA forms an ADVP-LOC.


 * DAS(S)** - A complementizer, generally introduces a CP-THT (but sometimes a CP-ADV).


 * DENN** - May either be a coordinating conjunction, similar to English FOR, in which case it is tagged CONJ. Alternatively it appears as a subordinating conjunction. In this case it is tagged P. If it has a meaning like English THAN, it is followed by a comparative clause. If it has a meaning like English BUT, the PP appears as a complement of some NP, and takes an NP complement in turn. Its NP complement has the same case tag as the dominating NP. Finally, DENN may be an adverb meaning THEN.


 * DER MAL EYNS** - (NP-ACC-ADV (NP-GEN (D der) (N mal)) (NUM eyns))

**DIE BLINDE** - Treat BLINDE as an ADJ.


 * DIE WEYL** - As in "die weyl du noch mit yhm auff dem wege bist": generally means something like "because." Annotated as an NP-ACC-ADV at the clause level, containing a relative clause complement with an adverbial NP gap.

 
 * DIE ZEYT KOMPT, DAS ...** - The clause introduced by DAS is parsed as a CP-ADV, because it has a meaning similar to English WHEN in this case.
 * EHE** - A subordinating preposition, followed by a (usually null) complementizer.
 * ENTGEGEN** - For the purposes of this annotation, phrases with ENTGEGEN (in clauses like DIR ENTGEGEN) are treated as right-headed PPs; the complement is not treated as having moved out of PP (see also **DA**, **HER and HIN**).


 * ES SEY DENN, ES WERD DENN** - This string roughly translates as "except." A clause begun by this phrase is parsed as a CP-ADV with no null (or overt) C element.
 * FRAGEN** - In some tokens, this verb takes two accusative objects.

  **HEYM/HEIM** - Frequently heads an NP-ACC-DIR. Tagged as RP exclusively in the case of the verb HEIMSUCHEN.  
 * FUR** - In the Septembertestament, this may either be Modern German FÜR (taking an accusative complement) or VOR (taking a dative complement). If case does not distinguish between the two options, context generally will.
 * GEN** - This preposition generally takes an NP containing only a proper noun (NPR) as its complement, and thus the case of the complement is ambiguous. Because the PP always refers to motion towards some location, its complement is tagged NP-ACC-XXX for the time being.
 * HER and HIN** - In PPs like HERUBER, etc., HER and HIN are not treated as having moved out of PP; these structures are effectively annotated as right-headed PPs (see also ** DA **, ** ENTGEGEN **).
 * IAMERN** - Introduces an accusative experiencer, which (as noted here) is not parsed as a subject, and an additional genitive argument, as in "mich iamert des volk" (meaning roughly "I have compassion for the people"). If a topic expletive ES is present (as in "es iamert mich des volk," with the same meaning), the expletive is not coindexed with the accusative experiencer.


 * ICH BINS/BYNS** - The complement (ES) is split from the copula and tagged PRO, not ES. It is parsed as NP-NOM-PRD.


 * ICH SAGE DIR/EUCH** - Generally, this statement is followed by a V2 clause, which is thus treated as an IP-MAT-SPE, and not a CP-THT.


 * IHENSYTT (JENSEITS)** - treated as a unitary preposition, which may introduce either a genitive or dative complement.


 * JN DEM** - (NP-ACC-ADV (CP-FRL (WPP (P Jn) (WNP (WPRO dem))) (C 0) (IP-SUB .... )))


 * JNDES** - For the time being, this element is tagged as ADV.


 * YGLICH/JEGLEICH** - Tagged Q.
 * LASSEN** - Not a modal verb, LASSEN introduces an IP-INF (which frequently has an accusative subject).

    
 * LIEB -** Used with the verb HABEN, as in ICH HABE DICH LIEB, this element is tagged as a verbal particle (RP).
 * NACH DEM** - A free relative complement of an NP-ACC-ADV, with a PP gap.
 * OB** - Like English IF, this element is tagged P (and usually introduces a CP-ADV), unless it heads a question. It is then tagged WQ.
 * SEIN** - As an auxiliary, SEIN may introduce either a passive (VAN) or a perfective (VBN) verb. If potentially ambiguous cases should arise, the non-finite verb is tagged VBN if Modern German supports this analysis (that is, if the modern form of the verb takes the perfective auxiliary SEIN, and not HABEN).
 * SELBS(T)** - Usually treated as a focus particle (FP). See also DASELBS/DA SELBS(T) for a common use of SELBS(T).
 * SO** - Can be used as a resumptive element for left-dislocated adverbials, in which case it is similar to (sometimes interchangeable with) resumptive DA. Resumptive SO may be interpretable as IN THAT CASE, or the resumptive pair may be interpretable as IF...THEN. Be careful to distinguish resumptive SO from its function as the second element in a correlative comparative (see ALS...SO, WIE...SO).

 
 * SYNTEMAL** - Treated as a subordinating preposition for the time being.
 * TRACHTEN ... NACH** - As in, "Sie trachten ihm nach." In this case, NACH is treated as projecting a right-headed PP (although in other cases, such as "Nach solchem allem trachten die heyden," the PP can also be left-headed).
 * VIEL VOLCKS** - The noun VOLCKS is tentatively treated as a plural in this construction, although it could also be analyzed as a singular genitive form. This is partially based on the observation that no plural resembling the Modern German VÖLKE R appears in the current corpus.


 * VMB ... WILLEN** - In this case, VMB introduces an NP-ACC containing "willen," which is preceded by its NP-GEN complement.


 * VON ... AN** - As in, "von nu an." The RP (AN) is parsed as a daughter of the PP headed by VON.
 * WARNEMEN -** Specifically for this verb, WAR (WAHR) is treated as a verbal particle (RP).


 * WARUM** - Simply tagged WADV. Compare to, i.e., WORUM, which is split into WADV and P. Spelling will not always distinguish these (WARUM may alternately be spelled WORUMB, for example), but if the element can be paraphrased as "why," then WADV is the correct tag.


 * WAS IST DAS FUR ...** - The PP headed by FUR is treated as an extraposed complement of the WNP, due to the observation that WAS FUR ... IST DAS is a grammatical alternative.


 * WIE** - A subordinating preposition. Note that because its NP complement is nominative, WIE is *always* treated as introducing a clause (often with most of the subordinate clause elided). Generally introduces a comparative clause. When there is no overt dominating adjective, clauses introduced by WIE are generally treated as "implied comparatives," like English SUCH AS clauses without the overt SUCH (see the annotation manual for the PPCME2/PPCEME).
 * WIE...SO** - Parsed as a correlative comparative, following the English guidelines for AS...SO. See also ALS...SO. Make sure to distinguish the SO in this construction from resumptive SO.

 
 * WIEWOL** - If written as separate words, join. Interchangeable with OBWOHL, and thus is tagged the same (as a subordinating preposition).
 * WUNDER** - Treated as a verbal particle (RP) specifically as part of the verb WUNDERNEHMEN ("to astonish").
 * ZU WIDDER** - An alternate spelling of the preposition ZUWIDER. Joined when written separately.